Simpleman & Simple Life

博客搬家到 http://xuming.info

Fri, 18 Dec 2009 16:08:59 +0800

博客搬家到 http://xuming.info，此处不再更新，自生自灭！

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Hyper-V R2 和 vSphere 个人使用感受

Wed, 14 Oct 2009 23:40:18 +0800

习惯了使用 VMware 的产品，在测试 Hyper-V 的时候发现很多不同的地方，先总结一下，主要从 Hyper-V R2 角度考虑。

#####

# 缺点

#############################

1. 网络配置太简单，几乎没有什么可选；

2. 但是在配置 virtual networks 又发现很容易搞混网卡之间的对应关系；

3. 配置复杂，如果要实现 Live Migration 功能，会发现有太多的东西需要配置；

4. 管理分散，需要不断的在 Host 上的 Hyper-V Manager，Failover Cluster Manager 和 SCVMM 2008 R2 Console 之间切换；

5. 补丁管理问题，如果每月一次的重启会是梦魇；

#####

# 优点

#############################

1. 有个 save state 功能，会自动在 Host 重启之前保存 VM 状态，然后在重启后自动恢复。如果是 Host 关机，则现在启动后 VM 会显示 Saved State 状态。可以设置 VM 在 Host 启动和关机时的状态保存。

2. 和 AD 紧密结合，帐号管理比较方便。

3. NetBackup 支持对 Hyper-V 的备份。(这个不能算优点了，只是指出一下)

MSN spaces搬家，给您一个更安全、更有保障的方案！

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Gnome 桌面环境的一些命令

Tue, 11 Aug 2009 09:49:39 +0800

gnome-control-center    # 打开以下所有配置到界面

gnome-appearance-properties    # 设置桌面显示到外观和字体等
gnome-calculator    # 计算器
gnome-help        # 帮助
gnome-keybinding-properties    # 快捷键设置
gnome-network-properties    # 设置代理服务器
gnome-panel-screenshot    # 截屏，最好是用 -a 参数，进行区域截屏
gnome-power-preferences    # 电源设置
gnome-screenshot    # 同 gnome-panel-screenshot
gnome-search-tool    # 文件搜索工具
gnome-system-log    # 集中显示系统中的一些 log
gnome-system-monitor    # 相当于 Windows 中的任务管理器
gnome-text-editor    # 就是 Gedit

生活频道——笑谈生活，坐看人生，这里有着小人物的健康生活。

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NIS 服务的配置

Tue, 11 Aug 2009 09:45:53 +0800

NIS - Network Information System，又叫 YP - Yellow Pages。

Server 端

首先安装 ypserv

1. 设置 NIS Domain name
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
NISDOMAIN=DomainName
2. 将现有的 passwd, group 和 shadow 文件转化为 NIS DBM 格式。
/usr/lib/yp/ypinit -m
3. 之后如果添加了或删除用户，用户组，必须更新 NIS 数据库
make -C /var/yp
可以设置一个 cron job 定期更新
4. 启动服务
service ypserv start

Client 端

安装 yp-tools ypbind

1. 设置 NIS Domain name
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
NISDOMAIN=DomainName
2. 配置
# vi /etc/yp.conf
domain domainname server somehost
# vi /etc/nsswitch.conf        # 修改顺序
passwd:     nis files nisplus
shadow:     nis files nisplus
group:      nis files nisplus

3. 删掉 Client 上的本地用户
4. service ypbind start    # 启动 NIS Client 服务

推荐：让我们寻找最优秀的Blogger！

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选择 CentOS 还是 Scientific Linux

Tue, 11 Aug 2009 09:41:20 +0800

最近对 CentOS 的批评很多，如 5.3 的迟迟推出，补丁的推出缓慢等等。另一个 RHEL 再编译版本 Scientific Linux 得到了许多人的推崇，排在了 CentOS 的前面。

Scientific Linux 是由费米实验室（隶属于美国能源部）、欧洲核子研究中心以及世界各地的领先实验室和大学共同维护的。相比 CentOS，Scientific Linux 有着稳定的支持，基本上不会出现因为某个开发人员的原因导致发行版本突然消失的可能。在发行版本的推出上以及补丁的更新，Scientific Linux 比 CentOS 的响应要快的多，其标准是在 RHEL 发布补丁 48 小时内发布补丁。

另外，Scientific Linux 不是专门用于专门的 Scientific 研究的，也没有专门的 science application，之所以有着 scientific 的名字，是因为其最初只是 Fermilab 和 CERN 两个实验室使用，后来才慢慢扩大。

风尚频道——国内顶尖的时尚族群汇聚于此，未必是流行，但一定要有品位。

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NetBackup 使用 BMR 创建 iso 时报错

Fri, 13 Mar 2009 22:21:40 +0800

NetBackup Master Server Version: 6.5.3

今天在尝试通过 BMR 方式恢复系统时，在创建引导光盘时，出现：“Failed to update the shared resource tree information in the database”的报错。

#####
# 解决思路
##########################

BMR database 出错，一个方法是重建 database，这样做会导致清空当前的 BMR 信息，但是服务器在客户端下次发起 BMR 备份时会更新 BMR 信息。

#####
# 完整解决过程
######################

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>bmrsetupmaster -force -redo
[Info] V-127-43 Undoing BMR Database setup ...
[Info] V-127-41 Setting up BMR Database ...
[Info] V-127-38 Initializing BMR database ...
[Info] V-127-39 Loading BMR database ...
[Info] V-127-68 Loading data from dos.uncooked into BMR database ...
[Info] V-127-68 Loading data from unattend.txt into BMR database ...
[Info] V-127-68 Loading data from BMRDB.install.sql into BMR database ...
[Info] V-127-68 Loading data from PnpDB_2000.xml into BMR database ...
[Info] V-127-68 Loading data from PnpDB_2000SP1.xml into BMR database ...
[Info] V-127-68 Loading data from PnpDB_2000SP2.xml into BMR database ...
[Info] V-127-68 Loading data from PnpDB_2000SP3.xml into BMR database ...
[Info] V-127-68 Loading data from PnpDB_2000SP4.xml into BMR database ...
[Info] V-127-68 Loading data from PnpDB_2003SP1.xml into BMR database ...
[Info] V-127-68 Loading data from PnpDB_WinPE_2003SP1.xml into BMR database ...
[Info] V-127-68 Loading data from PnpDB_XP.xml into BMR database ...
[Info] V-127-68 Loading data from PnpDB_XPSP1.xml into BMR database ...
[Info] V-127-68 Loading data from PnpDB_XPSP2.xml into BMR database ...
[Info] V-127-68 Loading data from PnPDB_2003.xml into BMR database ...
[Info] V-127-68 Loading data from PnpDB_2003SP2.xml into BMR database ...
Verifying the running version of BMRDB ...
BMRDB version 6.5.0.0 verified.
Upgrading BMRDB (6.5.0.0) to (6.5.1.0) ...
Upgrading BMRDB (6.5.1.0) to (6.5.2.0) ...
Upgrading BMRDB (6.5.2.0) to (6.5.3.0) ...
Re-verification of BMRDB at new version, 6.5.3.0
Verification succeeded.
Successfully upgraded BMRDB to version 6.5.3.0
Database validation successful.
[Info] V-127-66 Setting up BMR master server completed successfully.

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>bmrsetupmaster
[Info] V-127-41 Setting up BMR Database ...
[Info] V-127-57 Nothing to setup. Performing BMR DB upgrade.
Verifying the running version of BMRDB ...
BMRDB version 6.5.3.0 verified.
Nothing to upgrade. Version unchanged.
Database validation successful.
[Info] V-127-66 Setting up BMR master server completed successfully.

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>bmrsetupboot

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>

色界频道——这里有顶尖的摄影大师，也有摄影爱好者，他们用相机收纳大千世界。

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How to solve IE7 crash

Sat, 09 Aug 2008 09:04:23 +0800

今天我的笔记本上的 IE7 总是 Crash，解决方法：

iexplore.exe -extoff

之后卸载不必要的 IE add-ons。

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如何手工下载最新的 Windows Defender 定义库

Mon, 28 Jul 2008 13:35:27 +0800

#####
# 如何手工下载最新的 Windows Defender 定义库
###############################################

Windows Defender 是微软发布的防间谍软件的免费工具，今天初步使用了下，在我机器上找出了 CNNIC 这个恶心的东西，删无豁！

32-bit (x86-based) of Windows
访问 http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=70631，会有下载的提示，安贞焕文件为：Mpas-fe.exe，可以使用 -q 参数，作用是 quite 模式。

64-bit version of Windows
访问 http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=70632

Itanium-based versions of Windows
访问 http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=70633

Windows Defender 与其他 Microsoft 反间谍软件和防病毒技术的比较
http://www.microsoft.com/china/athome/security/spyware/software/about/productcomparisons.mspx

Windows Defender 下载
http://www.microsoft.com/china/athome/security/spyware/software/default.mspx

风尚频道——国内顶尖的时尚族群汇聚于此，未必是流行，但一定要有品位。

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CPU Flags 详细说明

Tue, 08 Jul 2008 13:16:27 +0800

来源：http://boincfaq.mundayweb.com/index.php?language=1&view=176

通过 $ less /proc/cpuinfo 可以查看 CPU 的一些参数，具体的参数解释如下： - 3DNOW
A multimedia extension created by AMD for its processors, based on MMX.

- 3DNOWEXT
3DNOW Extensions. Could also pertain to AMD's 3DNow! Enhanced/Extended.

- ACPI
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface.

- APIC
Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller.

- CID+
Most probaly this stands for Certified Interconnect Designer. (A certification for experienced PCB design professionals.)

- CLFSH/CLFlush
Cache Line Flush.

- CMOV
Conditional Move/Compare Instruction.

- CMP_Legacy
Register showing the CPU is not Hyper-Threading capable.

- Constant_TSC
on Intel P-4s, the TSC runs with constant frequency independent of cpu frequency when EST is used.

- CR8Legacy
??

- CX8
CMPXCHG8B Instruction. (Compare and exchange 8 bytes. Also known as f00f (pronounced "foof"), an abbreviation of f0 0f c7 c8, is the hexadecimal encoding of an instruction that exhibits a design flaw in the majority of Intel Pentium, Pentium MMX, and Pentium OverDrive processors).

- CX16
CMPXCHG16B Instruction. (CMPXCHG16B allows for atomic operations on 128-bit double quadword (or oword) data types. This is useful for high resolution counters that could be updated by multiple processors (or cores). Without CMPXCHG16B the only way to perform such an operation is by using a critical section.)

- DE
Debugging Extensions.

- DS
Debug Store.

- DS_CPL
CPL qualified Debug Store.

- DTS
Digital Thermal Sensor.
or
Debug Trace Store.

- EM64T
Intel Extended Memory 64 Technology. Intel's derivative of AMD's 64bit CPU technology. Uses 64bit CPU registers and 64bit physical RAM addresses (page addresses) to support up to 1 tebibyte of RAM, which can later be extended (through future processor revisions) to 1 Pebibyte.

- EIST
Enhanced Intel SpeedStep.

- FID
Frequency IDentifier.

- FPU
x87 Floating Point Unit built into the CPU. This is where most mathematically intense calculations take place. Used to be a separate chip on the 80486SX and earlier (called the 80487 or 80387, etc. 80486DX had FPU built-in as well). All Pentium CPUs and later have this functionality built in.

- FXSR
FXSAVE/FXRSTOR. (The FXSAVE instruction writes the current state of the x87 FPU, MMX technology, Streaming SIMD Extensions, and Streaming SIMD Extensions 2 data, control, and status registers to the destination operand. The destination is a 512-byte memory location. FXRSTOR will restore the state saves).

- FXSR_OPT
??

- HT
Hyper-Transport.

- HTT
Hyper-Threading Technology. The ability to use one physical CPU as two separate logical CPUs by taking advantage of unused CPU registers during typical operation in an attempt to make the CPU more efficient. If multiple programs use the same registers by both logical CPUs, Hyper-threading can actually be known to slow down overall performance in some cases.

- LAHF_LM
Load Flags into AH Register, Long Mode.

- LM
Long Mode. (64bit Extensions).

- MCA
Machine Check Architecture.

- MCE
Machine Check Exception.

- MMX
It is rumoured to stand for MultiMedia eXtension or Multiple Math or Matrix Math eXtension, but officially it is a meaningless acronym trademarked by Intel.

- MMXEXT
MMX Extensions.

- MNI
Modular Network Interface.
or
Merom New Instruction. See SSSE3.

- MON (MONITOR)
CPU Monitor.

- MSR
RDMSR and WRMSR Support.

- MTRR
Memory Type Range Register.

- NNI
Nehalem New Instructions (NNI). See SSE4.

- NX
No eXecute. (the ability to not run code.)

- PAE
Physical Address Extensions. PAE is the added ability of the IA32 processor to address more than 4 GB of physical memory using Intel's 36bit page addresses instead of the standard 32bit page addresses to access a total of 64gibibytes of RAM. Most AMD chips support PAE as well.

PAE is the second method supported to access memory above 4 GB (PSE36 being the first); this method has been widely implemented. PAE maps up to 64 GB of physical memory into a 32-bit (4 GB) virtual address space using either 4-KB or 2-MB pages. The Page directories and the page tables are extended to 8 byte formats, allowing the extension of the base addresses of page tables and page frames to 24 bits (from 20 bits). This is where the extra four bits are introduced to complete the 36-bit physical address.

Windows supports PAE with 4-KB pages. PAE also supports a mode where 2-MB pages are supported. Many of the UNIX operating systems rely on the 2 MB-page mode. The address translation is done without the use of page tables (the PDE supplies the page frame address directly).

- PAT
Page Attribute Table.

- PBE
Pending Break Encoding.

- PGE
PTE Global Bit.

- PNI
Prescott New Instruction. This was the codename for SSE3 before it was released on the Intel Prescott processor (which was later added to the Pentium 4 family name).

- PSE
Page Size Extensions. (See PSE36).

- PSE36
Page Size Extensions 36. IA-32 supports two methods to access memory above 4 GB (32 bits). PSE (Page Size Extension) was the first method, which shipped with the Pentium II. This method offers a compatibility advantage because it kept the PTE (page table entry) size of 4 bytes. However, the only practical implementation of this is through a driver. This approach suffers from significant performance limitations, due to a buffer copy operation necessary for reading and writing above 4 GB. PSE mode is used in the PSE 36 RAM disk usage model.

PSE uses a standard 1K directory and no page tables to extend the page size 4-MB (eliminating one level of indirection for that mode). The Page Directory Entries (PDE) contains 14 bits of address, and when combined with the 22-bit byte index, yields the 36 bits of extended physical address. Both 4-KB and 4-MB pages are simultaneously supported below 4 GB, with the 4-KB pages supported in the standard way.

Note that pages located above 4 GB must use PSE mode (with 4-MB page sizes).

- SEP
SYSENTER and SYSEXIT.

- SS
Self-Snoop.

- SSE
Streaming SIMD Extensions. (70 new Single Instruction, Multiple Data instructions built in in the CPU.) Debuted with the Intel Pentium III processor. AMD's first chip to support SSE was the Athlon XP.

- SSE2
Streaming SIMD Extensions 2. (An additional 144 SIMDs.) Debuted with the Intel Pentium 4 processor. AMD's first chip to support SSE2 was the Athlon 64.

- SSE3
Streaming SIMD Extensions 3. (An additional 13 instructions) Debuted with the "Prescott" revision Intel Pentium 4 processors. AMD's first chip to support SSE3 was the Athlon 64 "Venice" revision.

- SSSE3
Supplemental Streaming SIMD Extension 3. (SSSE3 contains 16 new discrete instructions over SSE3. Each can act on 64-bit MMX or 128-bit XMM registers. Therefore, Intel's materials refer to 32 new instructions.) Debuted on Intel Core 2 Duo processors. No AMD chip supports SSSE3 yet.

- SSE4
Streaming SIMD Extentions 4. Future Intel SSE revision adding 50 new instructions which will debut on Intel's upcoming "Nehalem" processor in 2008. Also known as "Nehalem New Instructions (NNI)".

- SVM
Secure Virtual Machine. (AMD's virtualization extensions to the 64-bit x86 architecture.)

- SYSCALL
System Call. (the mechanism used by an application program to request service from the operating system.)

- TNI
Tejas New Instruction. See SSSE3.

- TM
Thermal Monitor.

- TM2
Thermal Monitor 2.

- TPR
Task Priority Register.

- TS
Thermal Sensor.

- TSC
Time Stamp Counter. (is used whenever possible to further improve the accuracy of the speed measurement.)

- TTP
Thermal Trip.

- VID
Voltage IDentifier.

- VME
Virtual-8086 Mode Enhancement.

- VMX
An AltiVec floating point and integer SIMD instruction set. (Used by Apple, IBM, Motorola and Freescale Semiconductor.)

- XTPR
TPR register chipset update control messenger. Part of the APIC code.

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使用 yum 管理软件

Fri, 02 May 2008 17:27:57 +0800

#####
# 使用 yum 管理软件
#################

原文：http://mirror.centos.org/centos/4/docs/html/yum/index.html
适用于 CentOS

su -c 'yum install tsclient'
su -c 'yum groupinstall "MySQL Database"'

su -c 'yum update tsclient'
su -c 'yum groupupdate "MySQL Database"'

su -c 'yum remove tsclient'
su -c 'yum groupremove "MySQL Database"'

su -c 'yum list tsclient'
su -c 'yum list tsclient-0.132'

su -c 'yum search PalmPilot' # search 参数会查询 names, descriptions, summaries and listed package maintainers.
su -c 'yum provides libneon' # provides 参数会查询 packages 包含的文件以及 software 提供的功能。

如果使用 wildcards，需要使用在 wildcards 前使用 \，如"\?", "\*"，
su -c 'yum list tsc\*'

注意：
su -c 'yum update' # 会升级系统中所有软件到最新

如何让 yum 每天自动升级系统？
su -c '/sbin/chkconfig --level 345 yum on; /sbin/service yum start'
这一句的作用是通过 chkconfig 设置 yum 在运行级别 345 时自动启动，然后通过 service yum start 立刻运行 yum，这时会调用 /etc/rc.d/init.d/yum，继而调用 /etc/cron.daily/yum.cron，这将启动 cron 服务在每天早上 4 点自动运行 yum。

关于 yum 使用代理：http://mirror.centos.org/centos/4/docs/html/yum/sn-yum-proxy-server.html
By default, yum accesses network repositories with HTTP. All yum HTTP operations use HTTP/1.1, and are compatible with web proxy servers that support this standard. You may also access FTP repositories, and configure yum to use an FTP proxy server. The squid package provides a proxy service for both HTTP/1.1 and FTP connections.

举例：
# vi /etc/yum.conf # 在 yum.conf 中配置将试这台机器的所有用户都使用这个配置。
# The proxy server - proxy server:port number
proxy=http://mycache.mydomain.com:3128
# The account details for yum connections
proxy_username=yum-user
proxy_password=qwerty

# vi ~/.bash_profile # 修改用户的 shell 配置文件，可以让 yum 的代理配置只适用于这个用户
# The Web proxy server, with the username and password for this account
http_proxy="http://yum-user:qwerty@mycache.mydomain.com:3128"
export http_proxy

行者频道——从普通游客到资深背包族，跟随Ta们的镜头游遍全世界。

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